The Future of Surgical Video Is in Sight

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Heads-up 3D imaging and extended reality platforms are becoming more prevalent in cutting-edge ORs.


On a winter’s evening in 2017, Chris Fuller, MD, was about to cut into the most vibrant green bell pepper he had ever seen. “It was splayed before me, in brilliant 4K high-def glory, on a 55-inch flat screen monitor,” recalls Dr. Fuller, an ophthalmologist at Texas Retina Associates in Fort Worth. He slipped on a pair of 3D glasses and grabbed microsurgical forceps to deftly extract the pepper’s seeds. He was practicing with the new heads-up display in preparation for using it the next morning during an actual surgery. “Since then, I’ve never looked back,” says Dr. Fuller. “I’m a huge champion of the technology.”

During a recent conversation, Dr. Fuller was stunned to learn that his practice was the first in Texas and only the fourth nationwide to use the heads-up technology to perform vitreoretinal surgery. While he says the system is starting to gain momentum with cataract surgeons, he finds it perfectly suited for all of his retinal cases. “It really excels when engaging in detailed, delicate macular (central retina) work,” he explains. “The macula is arguably the most important and irreplaceable structure within the eye, and success — or bloody disaster — is often measured in microns.”

Dr. Fuller says 3D heads-up displays offer unparalleled depth of field that exceeds a surgical microscope at certain aperture settings, high-dynamic-range imaging and an array of switchable color profiles that can be activated to achieve the best possible visualization in a variety of challenging clinical situations. For example, when operating on a patient suffering from dense vitreous hemorrhage, the system allows him to toggle to a “red free” setting, which makes the underlying retina more visible.

“Not only does this speed up surgical times, it enhances patients safety by making surgeons far less likely to clumsily bump against the retina in the fog of surgery,” explains Dr. Fuller.

The brightness of the surgical field can be superior to that of traditional surgery, without exposing the retina to additional light. “I commonly operate at 15% to 20% luminance with heads-up displays, whereas my colleagues who still use microscopes are commonly operating at 50% or higher,” says Dr. Fuller. “Lower illumination settings make rare cases of retinal phototoxicity even far less likely.”

Improved ergonomics are another advantage afforded by heads-up displays. Numerous ophthalmic surgeons struggle with repetitive strain injuries to their backs and necks that are caused by sitting in static positions at a microscope’s oculars for hours on end. “My back still barks at the end of a long day in the OR, but that discomfort has lessened since using this technology,” says Dr. Fuller.

He also thinks the technology’s benefits far outweigh its minor downfalls and significant price tag. “Some surgeons have griped that peripheral retinal visualization is a bit awkward, but most of those concerns melt away after three or four weeks of dedicated 3D use,” says Dr. Fuller. “Also, many surgical facilities are not keen to dump $100,000 on a device that does not directly and immediately increase a facility’s cash flow, especially in these hardscrabble times of COVID-19.”

Beyond reality

EASY ON THE EYES Heads-up technology allows for a brighter surgical field without exposing the retina to additional light.   |  Texas Retina Associates

Ochsner Medical 3D (m3D) Lab, a thinktank associated with New Orleans-based Ochsner Health, applies advanced manufacturing and mixed reality to healthcare delivery. The lab creates custom 3D models to inform its patients about their unique conditions and helps them feel more comfortable about their care. “Our most mature application is in collaboration with our complex spine surgeons where 3D printed models are helping to develop and optimize surgical approaches for patients with significant abnormalities like scoliosis,” says Korak Sarkar, MD, a neurologist and the lab’s director.

Extended reality is the catch-all term used to describe virtual, augmented and mixed reality platforms. It holds great promise in helping providers better explain conditions and treatments to patients using simulation and immersive technology to simplify complicated concepts.

Virtual and augmented realities are becoming more accessible tools and provide intuitive and personalized models that can be far more easily understood by the various stakeholders in health care, especially patients. Surgeons are beginning to use the technologies to project preplanned surgical pathways onto actual anatomy in order to perform more precise explorations and cuts, which allows for muscle- and tissue-sparing surgical techniques.

ARCHIVAL ASSIST
Capturing Cost-effective Videos of Captivating Cases
DIY DOC James Lehmann, MD, assembled his own affordable system that allows him to record high-quality surgical videos and display the images on a large screen in his OR.   |  Eye 35 ASC

James Lehmann, MD, is a board-certified eye surgeon at Eye 35 ASC in Schertz, Texas, who specializes in cataract, corneal and refractive surgery. On the side, he records his own videos of interesting cases.

Each of his surgical microscopes has a camera extension tube with a C-mount, and he uses high-definition cameras that connect to a miniaturized broadcast deck, which records the videos to secure digital ram cards. At the same time, the video signal is transmitted wirelessly from the broadcast deck to a large HD 1080p monitor in the OR. Dr. Lehmann uses a wireless HD audio/video streaming device to transmit the signal wirelessly to avoid any cumbersome wires and extension cords.

“Nothing we do is fancy, but it works for us,” says Dr. Lehmann. “We decided to create our own system, as pre-packaged options — which include a camera, recording unit and cables — cost $12,000 or more.”

— Danielle Bouchat-Friedman

“I heard a patient advocate at a recent virtual reality healthcare symposium state, ‘If your doctor is not using these tools, then you are not receiving the best care,’” says Dr. Sarkar. “Medicine is a service industry where patient perception informs healthcare reality.”

Mixed reality allows for the stereoscopic visualization of three-dimensional models. Ochsner’s lab leverages both 3D printing and extended reality to synergize the benefits of both, and offers its clinicians and patients a diverse array of tools. “We use extended reality models to optimize the use of our 3D printers and materials,” says Dr. Sakar. “In certain clinical applications, the models can provide insights better than traditional 2D imaging can.”

Up next

Ultra-high-definition imaging continues to evolve into standard (and expected) video technology in today’s ORs and wireless routing is increasingly being used to send high-def images to large screen monitors displayed throughout integrated surgical suites. While bigger and newer is always exciting, Dr. Sakar warns that new tools require rigorous and efficient vetting.

He admits that it’s difficult to stay current on developing imaging capabilities, and says it requires discipline to filter multiple and rapidly emerging technologies in order to decide whether any of them are worth adding. Keep your eyes peeled for the latest imaging options that offer true clinical benefits. You’re sure to see something you and your surgeons will like. OSM

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