5 Things Every OR Nurse Should Know About Patients Taking GLP-1 Medications

Traditional preoperative fasting protocols (such as "nothing by mouth after midnight") may not be sufficient for patients taking GLP-1 medications, including Ozempic. One known effect of these medications is delayed gastric emptying, which means some patients may still have residual gastric contents at the time of surgery, increasing the risk of aspiration during anesthesia.

An estimated 12 million adults in the United States are taking GLP-1 medications, making this an important patient safety consideration in any procedural setting where anesthesia is administered.

For that reason, Marci Black, MSN, RN, CNOR, a perioperative nursing professional development practitioner, will address evidence-based considerations for patients taking GLP-1 medications during an education session at the AORN Global Surgical Conference & Expo in April.

Her first recommended step is for nurses to talk openly with every patient about this potential risk.

"A simple conversation starter for nurses during perioperative assessment is, 'Are you currently taking any GLP-1 medications?' This question helps identify patients who may need modified fasting protocols beyond standard medication NPO guidance," she said.

Increase your GLP-1 Knowledge

In addition to delayed gastric emptying, GLP-1 medications are associated with dehydration and the potential for toxic drug concentrations. While anesthesia professionals receive education on these risks, Black notes that perioperative nurses want a deeper understanding of the clinical implications of GLP-1 medications so they can better protect patients and support safe surgical care.

To support safe perioperative care for patients taking GLP-1 medications, Black recommends keeping the following considerations on your radar:

• Know the definition and purpose of GLP-1 medications
  Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 receptor agonists mimic a natural gut hormone to help control blood sugar and promote weight loss by reducing appetite, slowing stomach emptying, and boosting insulin release.
• Understand how these medications work
  These medications mimic the natural GLP-1 hormone that activates receptors in the brain, pancreas, and gut. They increase insulin release when glucose is high and decrease glucagon to help control blood sugar.
• Be familiar with common patient populations using GLP-1 therapy
  Patients prescribed GLP-1 medications often include adults with diabetes or obesity, and use is frequently seen among middle-aged women.
• Check ASA guidelines and fasting protocols for the specific GLP-1
  A specific holding schedule and fasting protocol prior to surgery should be referred to for the specific type of GLP-1 medication.
• Anticipate perioperative risks and clinical considerations
  Beyond fasting concerns, patients taking GLP-1 medications may experience nausea, vomiting, constipation, and abdominal pain before and after surgery. These symptoms can complicate postoperative assessment and the identification of potential complications.

Black and her colleagues will share evidence-based strategies to optimize care for patients taking GLP-1 medications during their education session, "Perioperative Considerations for the Patient Taking GLP-1 Medications."

One focus of the session is strengthening collaboration between perioperative nurses and anesthesia teams. Black emphasizes that effective interdisciplinary communication supports consistent fasting practices, helps reduce perioperative complications, and promotes patient safety across the surgical continuum.

Learn more at this education session at AORN Global Surgical Conference & Expo from April 11-14 in New Orleans.