Why Health Care Facilities Do Not Apply Radiation Protective Garments to Patients Undergoing an X-Ray in the OR

Lead-free Alternatives in the OR

Radiological imaging devices (eg, portable x-ray machine, C-arm) are commonly used in the OR. The C-arm is highly convenient in the OR because of its ability to provide real-time imaging, flexibility in positioning, minimal invasiveness, reduced radiation exposure, improved workflow efficiency, and enhanced surgical planning. It is widely used during orthopedic and trauma surgery. A radiation protective garment is worn by doctors and nurses when performing imaging to protect them from any radiation that may be emitted. Lead, which is a dense material that can effectively absorb x-rays and block their penetration, is one type of material used in radiation protective garments. However, there are lead-free garments made of combined materials such as tin, rubber, polyvinyl chloride, and proprietary attenuating metals. Other materials that may block or absorb radiation include antimony, tungsten, bismuth, or other elements.¹ Lead-free garments are made from these lighter metals and offer non-toxic alternatives to the traditional lead garment.² Both lead and lead-free garments are designed to shield the body from x-rays, particularly the vital organs and reproductive areas, which are more sensitive to radiation.